Flood
Flood is an
overflow of water that soaks or covers land. Floods are the most frequent type
of natural disaster worldwide. It can be caused by several things, naturally
and form the effect of human behavior. The most common cause is because of the
over capacity of the body of water, e.g. river or lake. As a result some of the
water flows outside of the body of water. It can also occur in rivers, when the
strength of the river is so high that it flows right out of the river channel.
A flood from sea may be caused by a heavy storm, a high tide, a tsunami, or a
combination the three.
Soil and
vegetation absorbs most of the surface water, floods happen when there are lack
of trees and the soil alone cannot absorb all the water. The water then runs
off the land in quantities that cannot be carried in stream channels or kept in
natural ponds or man-made reservoirs. A flood can also be caused by blocked
sewage pipes and waterways, such as the Jakarta flood.
There are
several types of flood. Periodic floods occur naturally on many rivers, forming
an area known as the flood plain. These river floods usually result from heavy
rain, sometimes combined with melting snow, which causes the rivers to overflow
their banks. A flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no advance
warning is called a flash flood.
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